speaking-tube to the operators. In another city a boy received the an off-shoot of some other wire-using business. It was a medley of strung on roof-tops. As the telephone itself had been born in a cellar, burglar-alarm office. For two weeks his business friends played with the calls, wrote them on white alleys, and rolled them to the boys at the a row. These could be switched into connection with the burglar-alarm wires and any two of the six wires could be joined by a wire cord. so the exchange was born in a garret. Usually, too, each exchange was telephones, like boys with a fascinating toy; then Holmes nailed up a by E. T. Holmes, a young man whose father had originated the idea of When the first infant exchange for telephone service was born in Boston, protecting property by electric wires in 1858. Holmes was the first fanciful dream. new shelf in his office, and on this shelf placed six box-telephones in in 1877, it was the tiny offspring of a burglar-alarm business operated Nothing could have been simpler, but it was the arrival of a new idea in practical man who dared to offer telephone service for sale. He had The Holmes exchange was on the top floor of a little building, and obtained two telephones, numbers six and seven, the first five "Wealth of Nations." But at the time that it was written it was a most switchboard. There was no number system. Every one was called by name. in almost every other city the first exchange was as near the roof as uses. In Chicago all calls came in to one boy, who bawled them up a the business world. having gone to the junk-heap; and he attached these to a wire in his possible, partly to save rent and partly because most of the wires were makeshifts. Almost every part of its outfit had been made for other