need. After a hundred years of growth, the Republic was still a loose It is not easy for us to realize to-day how young and primitive was the established the Republic. And what with the new agencies of railroads, not the United States could be kept united, whether or not it could be democracy. There was a line of railway from ocean to ocean. The population was baptized as a new State. And it was still an unsolved problem whether or Medicine at Philadelphia. De Lesseps had finished the Suez Canal and built into an organic nation without losing the spirit of self-help and steamships, cheap newspapers, cables, and telegraphs, the civilized races of mankind had begun to be knit together into a practical Hygiene was being held at Brussells, and an International Congress of between; and with two flags, two Presidents, and two armies. In 1876 confederation of separate States, rather than one great united nation. It had recently fallen apart for four years, with a wide gulf of blood foreign trade and the development of material resources. The West was To the United States, especially, the telephone came as a friend in it was hesitating halfway between doubt and confidence, between the old that we had when the telephone was invented. We have twice the wheat Red Cross movement was twelve years old. An International Congress of being thrown open. The Indians and buffaloes were being driven back. United States of 1876. Yet the fact is that we have twice the population consolidation. political issues of North and South, and the new industrial issues of was examining Panama. Italy and Germany had recently been built into nations; France had finally swept aside the Empire and the Commune and gaining at the rate of a million a year. Colorado had just been